Исследование длительного влияния факторов тропической среды на механические свойства полимерных композиционных материалов

Изучена деградация полимерных композиционных материалов, изготовленных методом неавтоклавного формования, в условиях тропического климата в трех регионах Вьетнама (Ханой, Хошимин и Нячанг). Образцы подвергали экспозиции в течение трех лет в каждом регионе, после чего проводили механические испытания (на растяжение и сжатие) и микроскопический анализ. Контрольные образцы испытывали до экспозиции. Для обработки полученных данных использованы статистический анализ и метод главных компонент. По полученным результатам выявлено значительное ухудшение механических свойств образцов: их прочность на растяжение снизилась до 16,1 %, прочность на сжатие — на 20,4 %, а модуль упругости при растяжении увеличился на 11,7 %. Показано, что компоненты солнечной радиации являются основными факторами деградации, дополняемыми влагой. Так, УФ-А снижает прочность при растяжении образца, а УФ-В влияет на модуль упругости. Микроскопия выявила обесцвечивание матрицы, микротрещины и депигментацию волокон, особенно в прибрежных районах и районах с высоким уровнем УФ-А. Сравнительный анализ с данными предыдущих исследований подтвердил синергизм УФ-А и влажности в ускорении гигротермической деградации, но выявил уникальные тенденции изменения модуля упругости, обусловленные кинетикой отверждения конкретного материала. Полученные результаты подчеркивают уязвимость неавтоклавных полимерных композиционных материалов к тропическому климату и свидетельствуют в пользу использования стойких к ультрафиолетовому излучению покрытий или модификации матрицы для повышения долговечности.
EDN: LWPMYZ, https://elibrary/lwpmyz

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