Calculation of upsetting processes on hammers during deformation by a hammer head with a filler

The application of forging hammers provides steady-quality forgings with required mechanical properties. The main drawback of forging hammers is the low-efficiency impact that reduces the efficiency of the entire hammer and increases energy consumption. A promising way to increase the efficiency of deformation by forging hammers is a purposeful limited prolonged interaction of the hammer and the workpiece. The results of experimental and theoretical studies of impact deformation during upsetting process showed that filling the hammer head with steel shot increases the impact time and the extent of workpiece deformation but reduces deformation forces. At the same time, the work of plastic deformation and impact efficiency increase as compared to upsetting by a standard hammer head. The results of research formed the basis for developing recommendations for calculating upsetting processes by hammers with filled heads. They are applied to the calculation of the workpiece size, the determination of masses of falling parts, the choice of a hammer forging, the determination of the number of hammer strokes, and the calculation of basic parameters of a filled hammer head. Following these guidelines when calculating forging processes will increase impact and hammer efficiency, equipment productivity, as well as reduce energy and metal consumption.

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