Analysis of Vibration Diagnostic Methods of Metal Structures

Due to the constant machine complexity increasing as well as the requirements imposed on them, the issue of ensuring their reliability is becoming more and more urgent. The main part of any machine is supporting metal structure, which state determines the state of the machine as a whole. This determines the need to diagnose structures in order to prevent failures. At present, the methods of vibration diagnostics are being widely developed, as applied to objects of various industries. Scientists’ research is aimed at studying various types of defects, vibration parameters, methods for detecting defects and assessing the residual life. The article considers the main current trends in the development of vibration diagnostics methods. The sensitivity of the dynamic structure characteristics to the presence of a defect in the form of a crack has been investigated. A finite element analysis of a steel I-beam was performed for various cases of its fixation and crack location. The dependence of the natural frequencies and amplitude-frequency characteristics of the beam on the crack size has been analyzed. It is found that the presence of a defect has the greatest effect on the frequency response of the beam.

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