Effect of an innovative multilayer ion-plasma CrAlSiN/Cr coating on the wear resistance of a multi-disc friction clutch in a track maintenance machine under northern operating conditions
| Authors: Kolesnikov V.I., Kovalenko O.I., Polityko K.N., Shapovalov V.V., Kolesnikov I.V., Kolodyazhny I.A. | Published: 02.11.2026 |
| Published in issue: #11(800)/2026 | |
| Category: Mechanical Engineering and Machine Science | Chapter: Machine Science | |
| Keywords: multilayer coating CrAlSiN/Cr, coupling, friction element, tribological tests, coupling wear resistance, track maintenance machines |
We consider the problem of stability analysis for a tworod system under the action of both potential and nonconservative forces. The computational model is presented in V.I. Feodosiev’s book “Selected Problems and Questions in Strength of Materials” and consists of a vertical strip with two longitudinal cuts. The lateral parts of the strip are rigidly clamped at the top, while a compressive potential force is applied to the upper movable central part. The lower part of the strip remains uncut and unconstrained. The problem reduces to a tworod system in which the two rods are not fixed at one end but are rigidly connected to each other, while at the other end one rod is clamped and the other is free and loaded by a compressive force. In the original source, the system is loaded only by a potential force, and its stability is investigated using the static method. In this work, a similar system is subjected to an additional nonconservative follower force. Various approaches are applied to determine the critical load values and the boundaries of the stability region. The divergence boundary is constructed using the static method. The flutter boundary is obtained by the dynamic method employing minimization of a function of several variables. The behavior of the characteristic exponents responsible for the loss of stability of the system is studied under different loading regimes.
EDN: QSTODV, https://elibrary/qstodv
References
[1] Polyakov V.S., ed. Spravochnik po muftam [Couplings handbook]. Leningrad, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1979. 343 p. (In Russ.).
[2] Highly flexible couplings. voith.com: website. URL: https://voith.com/corp-en/highly-flexible-couplings.html (accessed: 05.01.2026).
[3] Hristov H., Tenev S., Mehmedov I. A study of the dynamic stiffness of flexible couplings with a rubber–metal element type SEGME. Eng. Proc., 2024, vol. 60, no. 1, art. 26, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024060026
[4] Ozyabkin A.L., Sanamyan G.V. Diagnostics of the friction-mechanical system of the splined connection of the transmission. Sborka v mashinostroenii, priborostroenii. Innovatsionnoe mashinostroenie [Assembling in Mechanical Engineering, Instrument-Making], 2025, no. 7, pp. 306–310. (In Russ.).
[5] Shapovalov V.V., Sladkovski A., Erkenov A.Ch. Actual problems of modern tribotechnology and ways of solution. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Mashinostroenie [BMSTU Journal of Mechanical Engineering], 2015, no. 1, pp. 64–75, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2015-1-64-75 (in Russ.).
[6] Fan Q., Zhang S., Lin J. et al. Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of gradient CrAlSiN coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering and arc ion plating technology. Thin Solid Films, 2022, vol. 760, art. 139490, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2022.139490
[7] Tritremmel C., Daniel R., Lechthaler M. et al. Influence of Al and Si content on structure and mechanical properties of arc evaporated Al–Cr–Si–N thin films. Thin Solid Films, 2013, vol. 534, pp. 403–409, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.03.017
[8] Yuan Z., Han Y., Zang S. et al. Analysis of the mechanical properties of TiN/Ti multilayer coatings using indentation under a broad load range. Ceram. Int., 2021, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 10796–10808, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.196
[9] Kovalev A.I., Vakhrushev V.O., Beake B.D. et al. Damage accumulation phenomena in multilayer (TiAlCrSiY)N/(TiAlCr)N, monolayer (TiAlCrSiY)N coatings and silicon upon deformation by cyclic nanoindentation. Nanomaterials, 2022, vol. 12, no. 8, art. 1312, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12081312
[10] Sui X., Li G., Jiang C. et al. Improved toughness of layered architecture TiAlN/CrN coatings for titanium high speed cutting. Ceram. Int., 2018, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 5629–5635, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.12.210
[11] Pogrebnjak A.D., Kravchenko Y.O., Bondar O.V. et al. Structural features and tribological properties of multilayer coatings based on refractory metals. Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf., 2018, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 240–258, doi: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205118020107
[12] Teles V.C., de Mello J.D.B., da Silva W.M. Abrasive wear of multilayered/gradient CrAlSiN PVD coatings: effect of interface roughness and of superficial flaws. Wear, 2017, vol. 376-377, part B, pp. 1691–1701, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.116
[13] Bobzin K., Br?gelmann T., Kruppe N.C., Carlet M. Investigation on the incorporation of oxygen and thermal stability of HPPMS TiAlCrSiON nanolayer coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, vol. 418, p. 127231, doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127231
[14] Kolesnikov V.I., Kudryakov O.V., Varavka V.N. et al. Structural-phase state and properties of Cr-Al-Si-N coatings obtained by vacuum arc plasma deposition. Phys. Mesomech., 2023, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 126–136, doi: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1029959923020029
[15] Shapovalov V.V., Sayamova T.L., Gorin S.L. et al. Development of a friction multi-disc connecting coupling for mobile power plants. Vestnik RGUPS, 2024, no. 4, pp. 60–69, doi: https://doi.org/10.46973/0201–727X_2024_4_60 (in Russ.).
[16] Shapovalov V.V., Shcherbak P.N., Kharlamov P.V. et al. Improving the energy efficiency of power transmissions of a rolling stock on the basis of dynamic anisotropy of frictional contact. E3S Web Conf., 2019, vol. 104, art. 01002, doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910401002
[17] Bukharin N.A., Prozorov V.S., Shchukin M.M. Avtomobili. Konstruktsiya, nagruzochnye rezhimy, rabochie protsessy, prochnost agregatov avtomobilya [Automobiles. Design, load conditions, operating processes, and strength of automobile units]. Leningrad, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1973. 504 p. (In Russ.).
[18] Shcherbak P.N., Kulbikayan R.V. [Physical and mathematical modeling of a wheel-rail friction pair under conditions of boundary friction]. Transport: nauka, obrazovanie, proizvodstvo. Tr. mezhd. nauch.-prakt. konf. T. 1 [Transport: Science, Education, and Production. Proc. Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Vol. 1]. Rostov-na-Donu, RGUPS Publ., 2023, pp. 332–335. (In Russ.).
[19] Mukutadze M.A., Opatskikh A.N., Ozyabkin A.L. et al. Evaluation of the friction coefficient of a modified design of a radial plain bearing. Izvestiya vuzov. Severo-Kavkazskiy region. Tekhnicheskie nauki [Bulletin of Higher Educational Institutions. North Caucasus Region. Technical Sciences], 2024, no. 4, pp. 72–80, doi: https://doi.org/10.17213/1560-3644-2024-4-72-80 (in Russ.).
[20] Golovin Yu.I. Nanoindentirovanie i ego vozmozhnosti [Nanoindentation and its capabilities]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 2009. 312 p. (In Russ.).
[21] GOST R 8.748–2011. Metally i splavy. Izmerenie tverdosti pri instrumentalnom indentirovanii. Ch. 1. Metod ispytaniy [State standard GOST R 8.748–2011. State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Metallic materials. Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters. Part 1. Test method]. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2013. 28 p. (In Russ.).
[22] GOST R 50779.25–2005. Statisticheskie metody. Statisticheskoe predstavlenie dannykh. Moshchnost testov dlya srednikh i dispersiy [State standard. GOST R 50779.25–2005. Statistical interpretation of data — power of tests relating to means and variances (MOD)]. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2006. (In Russ.).
[23] GOST R ISO 16269-4–2017. Statisticheskie metody. Predstavlenie dannykh. Ch. 4. Vyyavlenie i obrabotka vybrosov [State standard GOST R ISO 16269-4–2017. Statistical methods. Statistical data presentation. Part 4. Detection and treatment of outliers]. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2018. 48 p. (In Russ.).
[24] DIN 50324–1992. Tribology; testing of friction and wear (ball-on-disc). Berlin, Deutsches Institut f?r Normung, 1992. 15 p.
[25] ASTM G99–17. Standard test method for wear testing with a pin-on-disk apparatus. West Conshohocken, ASTM International, 2017. 9 p
[26] Motrenko P.P., Kolesnikov V.I., Sychev I.B. et al. Ustroystvo dlya ispytaniy materialov na iznos i trenie [Device for testing materials for wear and friction]. Patent RU 2825725. Appl. 16.04.2024, publ. 28.08.2024. (In Russ.).
[27] Polityko K.N., Kolesnikov I.V., Manturov D.S. Analysis of technologies for applying high-entropy coatings by physical deposition method. Advanced Engineering Research, 2024, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 369–391, doi: https://doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2024-24-4-369-391 (in Russ.).
[28] Konstantinov S.V., Komarov F.F., Chizhov I.V. et al. The structure and micromechanical properties of tialsin, tialsicn coatings formed by the method of reactive magnetron sputtering. Vestsі NAN Belarusі. Ser. fіz.-mat. navuk [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series], 2023, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 241–252, doi: https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-2430-2023-59-3-241-252 (in Russ.).
[29] Ye Y., Liu Z., Liu W. et al. Effect of interlayer design on friction and wear behaviors of CrAlSiN coating under high load in seawater. RSC Advyu, 2018, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 5596–5607, doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12409k
[30] Maksakova O.V., Pogrebnjak O.D., Beresnev V.M. Features of investigations of multilayer nitride coatings based on Cr and Zr. Prog. Phys. Met., 2018, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 25–48, doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.19.01.025
[31] Teryukalova N.V., Novitskaya O.S., Sizova O.V. Microstructure and tribotechnical properties of multilayer ion-plasma coatings CrN–TiN. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatelskiy zhurnal [International Research Journal], 2021, no. 12–1, pp. 81–85, doi: https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2021.114.12.011 (in Russ.).
[32] Krioni N.K., Ramazanov K.N., Mingazheva A.A. et al. Effect of ion-implantation activation of surface of structural steels 40kh and 40khn on structure and properties of nitrided layer. Uprochnyayushchie tekhnologii i pokrytiya [Strengthening technologies and coatings], 2025, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 120–123, doi: https://doi.org/10.36652/1813-1336-2025-21-3-120-123 (in Russ.).
[33] Sidashov A.V., Boyko M.V., Kozakov A.T. et al. Properties of CrAlSiN coatings: spectroscopic research. Vestnik mashinostroeniya, 2022, no. 2, pp. 60–64, doi: https://doi.org/10.36652/0042-4633-2022-2-60-64 (in Russ.). (Eng. version: Russ. Engin. Res., 2022, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 477–481, doi: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068798X22050264)
[34] Sevalnev G.S., Nefedkin D.Yu., Dulnev K.V. et al. Study of the characteristics of maraging steel under tribotechnical loading. Trudy VIAM [Proceedings of VIAM], 2024, no. 10, pp. 3–12, doi: https://doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-10-3-12 (in Russ.)