Analysis of the Effect of Regime Parameters of High-Temperature Chemical Activation Process on the Structural Material of the Equipment

The article describes the experimental studies carried out to determine the impact factors of high-temperature chemical activation on the structural material of a laboratory reactor made of steel 09G2S. The impacts were diagnosed using metallographic microscopy, as well as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy by potassium content. The presence of local corrosion was found over the entire outer surface of the reactor to a depth of 0.15 mm, presumably caused by hydrogen and carbonyl corrosion, but there was no corrosion on the inner surface. Besides, saturation of the surface layer with potassium to a depth of more than 0.34 mm due to diffusion and corrosion processes was observed outside and inside the reactor. Technological and constructive measures are proposed to reduce the impact factors of the chemical activation process on the structural material.

References

[1] Popova A.A., Shubin I.N. Analysis of the factors affecting the instrumentation of the technological process of the activated carbon material production. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Mashinostroenie [BMSTU Journal of Mechanical Engineering], 2022, no. 1, pp. 20–30, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-1-20-30 (in Russ.).

[2] Jiménez V., Sánchez P., Valverde J.L. et al. Influence of the activating agent and the inert gas (type and flow) used in an activation process for the porosity development of carbon nanofibers. J. Colloid. Interface Sci., 2009, vol. 336, no. 2, pp. 712–722, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.017

[3] Lozano-Castello D., Calo J.M., Cazorla-Amoros D. et al. Carbon activation with KOH as explored by temperature programmed techniques, and the effects of hydrogen. Carbon, 2007, vol. 45, no. 13, pp. 2529–2536, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.08.021

[4] Benaddi H., Bandosz T.J., Jagiello J. et al. Surface functionality and porosity of activated carbons obtained from chemical activation of wood. Carbon, 2000, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 669–674, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00134-7

[5] Suarez-Garcia F., Vilaplana-Ortego E., Kunowsky M. et al. Activation of polymer blend carbon nanofibres by alkaline hydroxides and their hydrogen storage performances. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 2009, vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 9141–9150, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.09.026

[6] Zheng Z., Gao Q. Hierarchical porous carbons prepared by an easy one-step carbonization and activation of phenol-formaldehyde resins with high performance for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources, 2011, vol. 196, no. 3, pp. 1615–1619, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.09.010

[7] Teng H., Wang S.C. Preparation of porous carbons from phenol-formaldehyde resins with chemical and physical activation. Carbon, 2000, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 817–824, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00160-8

[8] Archakov Yu.I. Vodorodnaya korroziya staley [Hydrogen corrosion of steels]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1985. 192 p. (In Russ.).

[9] Kolachev B.A. Vodorodnaya khrupkost’ metallov [Hydrogen brittleness of metals]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1985. 217 p. (In Russ.).

[10] Gulyaev A.P. Metallovedenie [Metallurgical science]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1977. 647 p. (In Russ.).

[11] Kuzyukov A.N., Nikhaenko Yu.Ya., Levchenko V.A. et al. [Effect of carbon on workability of chemical and petrochemical equipment made of carbon low-alloyed steels]. Vodorodnaya obrabotka materialov. Tr. III Mezhd. konf. VOM-2001 [Hydrogen Processing of Metals. Proc. III Int. Conf. VOM-2001]. Donetsk, 2001, pp. 390–392. (In Russ.).

[12] Stasyuk S.3., Terent’yev V.P. Study on effect of carbon on properties of 09G2S low-alloyed steel and carbide phase stability. Problemy prochnosti, 2007, no. 5, pp. 31–43. (In Russ.).

[13] Berezina T.G., Bugay N.V., Trunin I.I. Diagnostirovanie i prognozirovanie dolgovechnosti metalla teplovykh energeticheskikh ustanovok [Diagnostics and forecasting of metal life duration for heart power plants]. Kiev, Tekhnika Publ., 1991. 120 p. (In Russ.).

[14] Gorchakov L.N., Dobrotvorskiy A.M., Romanova L.M. et al. Effect of carbon effect on hydrogen corrosion of carbon steel. Khimicheskaya tekhnika, 2016, no. 1, pp. 16–19. (In Russ.).

[15] Popova A.A., Aliev R.E., Shubin I.N. Features of nanoporous carbon material synthesis. Advanced Materials and Technologies, 2020, no. 3, pp. 28–32.