Forcing a Four-Stroke Engine by Switching it to a Two-Stroke Cycle at Low-Speed Modes

Improving the dynamic qualities of internal combustion engines and the throttle response of vehicles equipped with them is an urgent problem in engine building. To solve it, we suggest switching a four-stroke engine to a two-stroke cycle at low-speed modes. Within the study, we found that the worst indicators of fuel efficiency of two-stroke engines are partially compensated by the best indicators of their power density. We took a close look at the switching of the 2 / 4SIGHT gasoline engine of the British company Ricardo from a four-stroke cycle to a two-stroke cycle. To implement the switching, we used a two-stage intercooled supercharging and a gas distribution valve switching system. The method proved to be applicable to diesel engines as well. Hence, we studied a diesel engine D-245 (4 CHN 11.0 / 12.5) mounted on a tracked vehicle. At a speed of 1600… 2400 min – 1, such a diesel engine operates in a four-stroke cycle, at lower speeds it operates in a two-stroke cycle. Finally, we did computational studies of the working process of this diesel engine. The study showed the expediency of switching the engine to a two-stroke cycle at low-speed modes.

References

[1] Aleksandrov A.A., Ivashchenko N.A., eds. Dvigateli vnutrennego sgoraniya. T. IV-14 [Combustion engines. Vol. IV-14]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 2013. 784 p. (In Russ.).

[2] Orlin A.S., Kruglov M.G., ed. Dvigateli vnutrennego sgoraniya [Combustion engines]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1990. 288 p. (In Russ.).

[3] Lukanin V.N., Shatrov M.G., eds. Dvigateli vnutrennego sgoraniya. Kn. 1. Teoriya rabochikh protsessov [Combustion engines. Vol. 1. Theory of working processes]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 2005. 460 p. (In Russ.).

[4] Chaynov N.D., ed. Konstruirovanie dvigateley vnutrennego sgoraniya [Design of combustion engines]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 2008. 496 p. (In Russ.).

[5] Grekhov L.V., Ivashchenko N.A., Markov V.A. Toplivnaya apparatura i sistemy upravleniya dizeley [Fuel injection equipment and control systems for diesel engines]. Moscow, Legion-Avtodata Publ., 2005. 344 p. (In Russ.).

[6] Markov V.A., Kislov V.G., Khvatov V.A. Kharakteristiki toplivopodachi transportnykh dizeley [Characteristics of fuel supply in transport diesels]. Moscow, Bauman MSTU Publ., 1997. 160 p. (In Russ.).

[7] Bosch. Sistemy upravleniya dizel’nymi dvigatelyami [Bosch. Control systems of diesel engines]. Moscow, Za rulem Publ., 2004. 480 p. (In Russ.).

[8] Bosch. Sistemy upravleniya benzinovymi dvigatelyami [Bosch. Control systems of petrol engines]. Moscow, Za rulem Publ., 2005. 432 p. (In Russ.).

[9] Paponov V.S., Mineev A.M., eds. Sovremennye podkhody k sozdaniyu dizeley dlya legkovykh avtomobiley i malotonnazhnykh gruzovikov [Modern ways of designing diesel for light and long combination vehicles]. Moscow, NITs Inzhener Publ., 2000. 332 p. (In Russ.).

[10] Shatrov V.I., Kuznetsov A.G., Markov V.A. Problems of designing and improvement of diesel control systems. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Mashinostroenie [BMSTU Journal of Mechanical Engineering], 1999, no. 5–6, pp. 76–87. (In Russ).

[11] Khryashchev Yu.E., Slabov E.P., Matrosov L.P. On controlling full-load curve of a diesel. Avtomobil’naya promyshlennost’, 1999, no. 11, pp. 7–10. (In Russ.).

[12] Krutov V.I. Avtomaticheskoe regulirovanie i upravlenie dvigateley vnutrennego sgoraniya [Automated regulation and control on combustion engines]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1989. 416 p. (In Russ.).

[13] Patrakhal’tsev N.N. Neustanovivshiesya rezhimy raboty dvigateley vnutrennego sgoraniya [Transient working regimes of combustion engines]. Moscow, RUDN Publ., 2009. 380 p. (In Russ.).

[14] Krutov V.I. Dvigatel’ vnutrennego sgoraniya kak reguliruemyy ob’’ekt [Combustion engine as a regulated object]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1978. 472 p. (In Russ.).

[15] Savastenko E.A., Savastenko A.A., Markov V.A., et al. Four-stroke engines with translation capability on a two-stroke cycle. Gruzovik, 2021, no. 8, pp. 16–26. (In Russ.).

[16] Orlin A.S., Kruglov M.G., ed. Dvigateli vnutrennego sgoraniya [Combustion engines]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1983. 372 p. (In Russ.).

[17] Markov V.A., ed. Motornye topliva, proizvodimye iz rastitel’nykh masel [Motor fuels from vegetable oils]. Riga, Lambert Academic Publ., 2019. 420 p. (In Russ.).

[18] Polukhin E.E. Uluchshenie ekspluatatsionno-tekhnicheskikh pokazateley transportnogo dizelya putem sovershenstvovaniya sistemy regulirovaniya ugla operezheniya vpryskivaniya topliva. Diss. kand. tekh. nauk [Improvement of technical performance characteristics of a transport diesel by means of enhancement of regulation system for fuel injection advance angle. Kand. tech. sci. diss.]. Moscow, Bauman MSTU Publ., 2008. 152 p. (In Russ.).

[19] Kuleshov A.S. Model for predicting air-fuel mixing, combustion and emissions in DI diesel engines over whole operating range. SAE Tech. Paper, 2005, no. 2005-01-2119, doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2119

[20] Kuleshov A.S. Multi-zone DI diesel spray combustion model and its application for matching the injector design with piston bowl shape. SAE Tech. Paper, 2007, no. 2007-01-1908, doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1908