On the Issue of Reducing Non-Uniformity of Fluid Supply in Piston Pumps

Uniformity of fluid supply is one of the most important characteristics of pumps, including those of the piston type. This characteristic in piston structures can be improved mainly by increasing the number of simultaneously operating cylinders and using gas caps in the discharge line, which is not always possible. It is proposed that an additional gas cavity that is directly connected to the cylinder should be used to improve the uniformity of the fluid supply. A mathematical model of this design is constructed and working processes of a simple action pump with one working cylinder are analyzed using this model. In constructing a mathematical model, the equations of continuity of flow, the Bernoulli equation, and the equation of the polytropic process for the gas in the additional gas cavity are used, as well as the equation of fluid flow through an opening in a thin wall. In a numerical experiment, the piston receives motion from the crank mechanism. The results of the calculations are illustrated by graphs. A pump with a piston with a 40 mm diameter and the same stroke, suction pressure of 0.1 MPa and discharge pressure of 1.0 MPa is investigated. It is established that the proposed method of operation of the pump can substantially increase the uniformity of fluid supply. In the numerical experiment, it was possible to achieve the unevenness of the supply fluid of 0.41 during the discharge process. The issues of practical implementation of the proposed method are considered.

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