Computational study of the aircraft condensation trail formation

The paper considers a problem in determining conditions for the aircraft condensation trail formation when mixing the bypass turbofan engine jet with a cocurrent flow (atmosphere). Approach to solving the problem is based on a numerical solution of the gas dynamics equations system (Reynolds equations) taking into account configuration of the bypass turbofan engine nozzle section. Computation uses the geometric and gas-dynamic parameters that affect the phenomena under consideration for several types of the bypass turbofan engines, and includes the bypass ratio, parameters of the internal and external flows, water vapor emission, etc. Study results are required to substantiate the criterion for formation of the aircraft stable condensation trails using the supersaturation degree of the water vapor in an engine jet. The paper analyzes examples of forming the aircraft condensation trails based on the known data from the flight experiments.
EDN: OKOHOG, https://elibrary/okohog

References

[1] Prilozhenie no.16 k Konventsii o Mezhdunarodnoy grazhdanskoy aviatsii. Okhrana okruzhayushchey sredy. Emissiya aviatsionnykh dvigateley. T. 2 [Annex No. 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Environmental protection. Aircraft engine emissions. Vol. 2]. ICAO, 2023. 194 p. (In Russ.).

[2] ICAO Engine Exhaust Emissions Databank. ICAO Doc. no. 9646-AN/943. URL: https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/domains/environment/icao-aircraft-engine-emissions-databank (accessed: 15.02.2025).

[3] Ivanova A.R. Aviation impact on environment and the measures for mitigation of negative effect. Trudy Gidromettsentra Rossii [Proceedings of the Hydrometcentre of Russia], 2017, no. 365, pp. 5–14. (In Russ.).

[4] Dedesh V.T., Grigoriev M.A., Zamyatin A.N. et al. Calculation assessment of formation, existence and destruction of aircraft condensation trails with account of interaction with wake vortices. ESBE, 2014, pp. 17–23.

[5] Lee D.S., Fahey D.W., Skowron A. et al. The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018. Atmos. Environ., 2021, vol. 244, art. 117834, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117834

[6] Abramovich G.N. Teoriya turbulentnykh struy [Theory of turbulent jets]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984. 715 p. (In Russ.).

[7] Schumann U., Busen R., Plohr M. Experimental test of the influence of propulsion efficiency on contrail formation. J. Aircraft, 2000, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1083–1087, doi: https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2715

[8] Schumann U. A contrail cirrus prediction model. Geosci. Model Dev., 2012, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 543–580, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-543-2012

[9] Huang J. A simple accurate formula for calculating saturation vapor pressure of water and ice. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 2018, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1265–1272, doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0334.1

[10] Wilcox D.C. Turbulence modeling for CFD. DCW Industries, 2006. 535 p.

[11] Dedesh V.T., Kiose S.N., Vid V.I. et al. Sposob formirovaniya modeli prognoza obrazovaniya kondensatsionnykh sledov (KS) samoletov grazhdanskoy aviatsii (GA) s konkretnym tipom gazoturbinnogo dvigatelya i kondensatsionnykh peristykh oblakov (KPO) s ispolzovaniem kolichestvennykh pokazateley obrazovaniya KS i KPO dlya ekologicheskoy optimizatsii poletov samoletov GA na konkretnykh trassakh v razlichnykh regionakh zemli i vozmozhnosti snizheniya vliyaniya emissii dvigateley na parnikovyy effect [Formation of model for forecasting of airliner gas turbine engine condensation trails (CT) and condensation fleecy clouds (CFC) with help of CT and CFC formation quantitative statistic for ecologic optimization of airliner flights in various world zones and reduction on engine emission influence on hothouse effects]. Patent RU 2532995. Appl. 14.05.2013, publ. 20.11.2014. (In Russ.).

[12] Stasenko A.L. Fizicheskaya mekhanika mnogofaznykh potokov [Physical mechanics of multiphase flows]. Moscow, MFTI Publ., 2004. 135 p. (In Russ.).

[13] Popovicheva O.B., Starik A.M. Aircraft-generated soot aerosols: physicochemical properties and effects of emission into the atmosphere. Izvestiya RAN. Fizika atmosfery i okeana, 2007, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 147–164. (In Russ.). (Eng. version: Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 2007, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 125–141, doi: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433807020016)

[14] Schumann U. Formation, properties and climatic effects of contrails. Comptes Rendus. Physique, 2005, vol. 6, no. 4–5, pp. 549–565, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2005.05.002

[15] Schneider E., Czech H., Popovicheva O. et al. Mass spectrometric analysis of unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosol particles long-range transported from wildfires in the Siberian Arctic. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2024, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 553–576, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024