Vegetable Oils as an Environmentally Safe Additive to Petroleum Diesel Fuel

This work is conducted in response to the need to advance the use of alternative motor fuels and solve increasing ecological problems. The tools and methods for reducing noxious emissions in exhaust fumes of internal combustion engines are analysed. The advantages and drawbacks of using alternative fuels such as renewable vegetable oils in diesel engines are outlined. The use of alternative vegetable motor fuels does not only allow replacing petroleum motor fuels but also reduces noxious atmospheric emissions in diesel exhaust fumes. The advisability of using biofuel (that is mixtures of petroleum diesel fuel and vegetable oils) is substantiated. A study to optimize the composition of such biofuels is conducted. Mixtures of petroleum diesel fuel with linseed, mustard and camelina oils are examined, and a method for optimizing the mixtures is proposed. It is based on determining the generalized optimality criterion calculated as a sum of partial criteria that characterize the concentration of standardized noxious elements in the exhaust fumes. Optimization calculations of the biofuel composition for the D-245.12S diesel engine are performed. It is shown that with an increase in the content of the above-mentioned vegetable oils in the petroleum diesel fuel mixtures, toxicity parameters of the exhaust fumes improve, and even a small addition of vegetable oil into the mixture considerably improves these parameters. The minimal value of the generalized optimality criterion is achieved with the mixture containing 91 % of petroleum diesel fuel and 9 % of linseed oil.

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