Coatings from natural materials for cooling the power equipment units

The paper presents results of studying heat transfer in the cooling systems with coatings made of the natural materials depending on the thermal tool detonation torch parameters and the natural material thermophysical properties. It determines conditions for creating combustion chambers, nozzles, thermal tools, and the principles of spraying the material onto the heating surface. Phenomenon of the torch spin detonation was registered at the oxidizer excess factor of less than one; the spraying process was intensifying from 2 to 6 times. The coatings demonstrated high reliability compared to the other forced systems. Maximum specific heat fluxes on the coating were (2…15)?106W/m2), and the oscillation frequency was up to 200 Hz. The torch position relative to the impact surface (structure, stagnation spot, torch distance to the coating) was registered for the melting mode and without it. The coating superheat range was 20–75 K. Simulation and the experiment made it possible to determine thermodynamic characteristics of the oxygen-kerosene thermal tools for generating the supersonic high-temperature detonation torches during spraying the coatings made from the natural materials. The material particle size distribution was determined, and the torch hydrodynamic operation modes (fuel combustion method, jet length, and angle) were selected. The particle flight time, optimal coating thickness, powder diameter, and ultimate compressive and tensile stresses of the coating were determined. Dependences were obtained on displacements in the coatings under thermal exposure, which could be important in the facilities diagnostics and forecasting, as well as in extending the service life.
EDN: JTRJRH, https://elibrary/jtrjrh

References

[1] Polyaev V.M., Kichatov B.V. Boiling of a liquid on surfaces with porous coatings. J. Eng. Phys. Thermophys., 2000, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 253–258, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02681726

[2] Polyaev V.M., Zhdanov V.M., Kichatov B.V. Study of the operation of a gas-liquid atomizer with a porous mixing element. J. Eng. Phys. Thermophys., 2000, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 465–469, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02681785

[3] Alim Khan S., Sezer N., Koç M. Design, fabrication and nucleate pool-boiling heat transfer performance of hybrid micro-nano scale 2-D modulated porous surfaces. Appl. Therm. Eng., 2019, vol. 153, pp. 168–180, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.02.133

[4] Wang W., Gao J., Shi X. et al. Cooling performance analysis of steam cooled gas turbine nozzle guide vane. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2013, vol. 62, pp. 668–679, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.02.080

[5] Genbach A.A., Bondartsev D.Yu., Shalginskiy A.Ya. Investigation of nanoscale and microscale structured cooling surfaces of thermal power plants. Nadezhnost i bezopasnost energetiki [Safety and Reliability of Power Industry], 2022, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 38–44, doi: https://doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2022-15-1-38-44 (in Russ.).

[6] Wang W. Efficiency study of a gas turbine guide vane with a newly designed combined cooling structure. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2015, vol. 80, pp. 217–226, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.09.024

[7] Yang X., Liu Z., Liu Z. et al. Turbine platform phantom cooling from airfoil film coolant, with purge flow. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2019, vol. 140, pp. 25–40, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.109

[8] Moon S.W., Kwon H.M., Kim T.S. et at. A novel coolant cooling method for enhancing the performance of the gas turbine combined cycle. Energy, 2018, vol. 160, pp. 625–634, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.035

[9] Boubaker R., Platel V. Dynamic model of capillary pumped loop with unsaturated porous wick for terrestrial application. Energy, 2016, vol. 111, pp. 402–413, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.102

[10] Genbach A.A., Bondartsev D.Yu., Iliev I.K. Ways to increase the efficiency of combustion chamber and nozzle cooling GTU. Vestnik KGEU [Kazan State Power Engineering University Bulletin], 2021, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 114–134. (In Russ.).

[11] Lei G., Li W., Wen O. The convective heat transfer of fractal porous media under stress condition. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 2019, vol. 137, pp. 55–63, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.11.017

[12] Polyaev V.M., Genbach A.N., Genbach A.A. Methods of monitoring energy processes, experimental thermal and fluid science, international of thermodynamics. Experimental Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics. 7th Int. Conf. on Thermal Equipment, Renewable Energy and Rural Development, 1995, vol. 10, pp. 273–286.

[13] Polyaev V.M., Genbach A.A. Heat transfer in a porous system in the presence of both capillary and gravity forces. Therm. Eng., 1993, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 551–554.

[14] Polyaev V.M., Genbach A.N., Genbach A.A. Limit states of the surface under thermal influence. TVT, 1991, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 923–934. (In Russ.). (Eng. version: High Temp., 1991, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 729–739.)

[15] Polyaev V.M., Genbach A.A. Control of heat transfer in a porous cooling system. Proc. 2nd World Conf. on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 1991, pp. 639–644.

[16] Polyaev V.M., Genbach A.A., Pchelin A.L. Thermal method of material destruction. Vestn. Mosk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. N.E. Baumana, Mashinostr. [Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Tech. Univ., Mechan. Eng.], 1992, no. 2, pp. 104–110. (In Russ.).

[17] Mori S., Okuyama K. Enhancement of the critical heat flux in saturated pool boiling using honeycomb porous media. Int. J. Multiph. Flow, 2009, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 946–951, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2009.05.003

[18] Mieczyslaw E. Poniewski. Peculiarities of boiling heat transfer on capillary-porous coverings. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 2004, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 431–442, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2003.10.002

[19] Odagiri K., Nagano H. Investigation on liquid-vapor interface behavior in capillary evaporator for high heat flux loop heat pipe. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 2019, vol. 140, pp. 530–538, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.03.008

[20] Ji X., Xu J., Zhao Z. et al. Pool boiling heat transfer on uniform and non-uniform porous coating surfaces. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 2013, vol. 48, pp. 198–212, doi; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.03.002

[21] Chang Y.H., Ferng Y.M. Experimental investigation on bubble dynamics and boiling heat transfer for saturated pool boiling and comparison data with previous works. App. Therm. Eng., 2019, vol. 154, pp. 284–293, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.03.092

[22] Chuang T.J., Chang Y.H., Ferng Y.M. Investigating effects of heating orientations on nucleate boiling heat transfer, bubble dynamics, and wall heat flux partition boiling model for pool boiling. Appl. Therm. Eng., 2019, vol. 163, art. 114358, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114358

[23] Alam M.S., Prasad L., Gupta S.C. et al. Agarwal. Enhanced boiling of saturated water on copper coated heating tubes. Chem. Eng. Process, 2008, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 159–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2007.07.021

[24] Li C., Peterson G.P., Wang Y. Evaporation/boiling in thin capillary wicks (l) — wick thickness effects. J. Heat Transfer., 2006, vol. 128, no. 12, pp. 1312–1319, doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2349507

[25] Hanlon M.A., Ma H.B. Evaporation heat transfer in sintered porous media. J. Heat Transfer., 2003, vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 644–652, doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1560145

[26] Chen Li, Peterson G.P. Evaporation/boiling in thin capillary wicks (II) — effects of volumetric porosity and mesh size. J. Heat Transfer., 2006, vol. 128, no. 12, pp. 1320–1328, doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2349508

[27] Das A.K., Das P.K., Saha P. Performance of different structured surfaces in nucleate pool boiling. Appl. Therm. Eng., 2009, vol. 29, no. 17-18, pp. 3643–3653, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.06.020

[28] Arik M., Bar-Cohen A., You S.M. Enhancement of pool boiling critical heat flux in dielectric liquids by microporous coatings. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2007, vol. 50, no. 5–6, pp. 997–1009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.08.005

[29] Sarwar M.S., Jeong Y.H., Chang S.H. Subcooled flow boiling CHF enhancement with porous surface coatings. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2007, vol. 50, no. 17–18, pp. 3649–3657, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.09.011

[30] Forrest E., Williamson E., Buongiorno J. et at. Augmentation of nucleate boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux using nanoparticle thin-film coatings. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2010, vol. 53, no. 1-3, pp. 58–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.10.008

[31] Genbach A.A., Bondartsev D.Yu., Piralishvili Sh.A. Heat transfer crisis and ultimate energy transfer in capillary-porous coatings of power plants. Prikladnaya fizika i matemateka [Applied Physics and Mathematics], 2019, no. 5, pp. 3–15, doi: https://doi.org/10.25791/pfim.05.2019.921 (in Russ.).

[32] Kudinov V.V., Bobrov G.V. Nanesenie pokrytiy napyleniem. Teoriya, tekhnologiya i oborudovanie [Spray coating. Theory, technology and equipment]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1992. 432 p. (In Russ.).

[33] Baldaeva L.Kh., ed. Gazotermicheskoe napylenie [Gas-thermal spraying]. Moscow, Market DS Publ., 2007. 344 p. (In Russ.).

[34] Borisov Yu.S., Kharlamov Yu.A., Sidorenko S.L. et al. Gazotermicheskie pokrytiya iz poroshkovykh materialov [Gas-thermal coatings from powder materials]. Kiev, Naukova dumka Publ., 1987. 543 p. (In Russ.).

[35] Hasui A., Morigaki O. Naplavlavka i napylenie [Cladding and spraying]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1985. 240 p. (In Russ.).

[36] Genbach A.A., Bondartsev D.Yu. Limiting thermal state of capillary-porous power-plant components. Russ. Engin. Res., 2020, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 384–389, doi: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068798X20050093

[37] Genbach A.A., Bondartsev D.Yu. An analysis of heat exchange crisis in the capillary porous system for cooling parts of heat and power units. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Mashinostroenie [BMSTU Journal of Mechanical Engineering], 2019, no. 12, pp. 21–35, doi: https://doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-12-21-35 (in Russ.).

[38] Polyaev V.M., Genbach A.A. Applications of the porous system. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Energetika, 1991, no. 12, pp. 97–101. (In Russ.).

[39] Genbach A.A., Bondartsev D.Yu. Science-based procedure for designing tubular porous cooling systems for thermal power plant equipment components. Vestn. Mosk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. N.E. Baumana, Mashinostr. [Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Tech. Univ., Mechan. Eng.],2019, no. 3, pp. 89–106, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2019-3-89-106 (in Russ.).

[40] Genbach A.A., Beloev H.I., Bondartsev D.Yu. et al. Boiling crisis in porous structures. Energy, 2022, vol. 259, art. 125076, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125076

[41] Xie J., Xu J., Liang C. et al. A comprehensive understanding of enhanced condensation heat transfer using phase separation concept. Energy, 2019, vol. 172, pp. 661–674, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.134

[42] Ose Y., Kunugi T. Numerical study on subcooled pool boiling. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. ASME/JSME 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conf., 2011, paper no. AJTEC2011-44401, T10193, doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/AJTEC2011-44401

[43] Krepper E., Končar B., Egorov Y. CFD Modelling subcooled boiling-concept, validation and application to fuel assembly design. Nucl. Eng. Des., 2007, vol. 237, no. 7, pp. 716–731, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.10.023

[44] Jamialahmadi M., Müller-Steinhagen H., Abdollahi H. et al. Experimental and theoretical studies on subcooled flow boiling of pure liquids and multicomponent mixtures. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2008, vol. 51, no. 9–10, pp. 2482–2493, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.07.052

[45] Yu Min, Diallo T.M.O., Zhao X. et al. Analytical study of impact of the wick’s fractal parameters on the heat transfer capacity of a novel micro-channel loop heat pipe. Energy, 2018, vol. 158, pp. 746–759, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.075

[46] Li J., Hong F., Xie R. et al. Pore scale simulation of evaporation in a porous wick of a loop heat pipe flat evaporator using Lattice Boltzmann method. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 2019, vol. 102, pp. 22–33, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2019.01.008

[47] Chernysheva M.A., Pastukhov V.G., Maydanik Y.F. Analysis of heat exchange in the compensation chamber of a loop heat pipe. Energy, 2013, vol. 55, pp. 253–262, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.014

[48] Jouhara H., Chauhan A., Nannou T. et al. Heat pipe based systems - advances and applications. Energy, 2017, vol. 128, pp. 729–754, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.028

[49] Kutateladze S.S., Leontyev A.I. Teplomassoobmen i trenie v turbuletnom pogranichnom sloe [Heat and mass transfer and friction in turbulent boundary layer]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1985. 320 p. (In Russ.).

[50] Avduevskiy V.S., Koshkin V.K., eds. Osnovy teploperedachi v aviatsionnoy i raketno-kosmicheskoy tekhnike [Fundamentals of heat transfer in aviation and rocket-space engineering]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1975. 624 p. (In Russ.).