Analysis of an Elastomer Cylindrical Shock-Absorber with Regard to Viscous Properties of the Material

When analyzing performance of elastomer parts and constructions subjected to impact forces (such as shock-absorbers, absorbing devices, and buffers), it is important that viscous properties of the material are considered as they determine the absorbing capacity of the constructions.  Currently, the applied methods of calculating elastomer parts using viscoelastic models are not widely used in engineering practice due to their inherent complexity. In the article an approximated method is proposed for the calculation of a hollow cylindrical elastomer shock-absorber that takes into account viscoelastic behaviour of the material. The method is based on the balance equation for virtual works of external and internal forces. For the division of spatial and time variables in the problem equations, the hypothesis about similarity of functions of shear and volume relaxation is accepted. As a result of the performed calculations, toughening factors of the shock-absorber working components are determined with regard to their butt-end fastening conditions. The influence of the component relative size and Poisson’s ratio on the toughening factor values is analyzed.  The problem of impact loading of a polyurethane shock-absorber is considered. Diagrams of the shock-absorber dynamic compression are drawn for different values of material relaxation parameters. The article is intended for professionals dealing with applied calculations and design of elastomer parts.

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